DEFINITION
"The term ASD/PDD is an umbrella term which refers to a broad group of neurobiological and neurodevelopment disorders.They are characterized by impairments in social interaction, communication skills and presence of repetitive behaviors"
-AUTISM SOCIETY OF AMERICA (1995)-
- We can diagnosed a child with autism only after 18 month of age
Autism is characterized by severe and pervasive impairment in 3 main areas development
- Social interaction
- Communication skills
- Stereotyped/Unusual behavior
Severity can be varies on a spectrum of mild to severe
Social interaction
- Lack of interest in interaction with peers
- Absence of facial expressions and body language
- Poor eye contact with people
- May not demonstrate emotional attachments to family members & friends
- May not seek approval from adults or peer
- Poor play skills(Pretend or social play)
Communication
- Speech and language are profoundly disordered
- Difficulty expressing basic wants and needs
- Fail to maintain topics of conversation.
- Produces language that is stereotypical, repetitious or idiosyncratic.
- Echolalia (repetition of another person's spoken words)
- Poor vocabulary development
Stereotyped/Unusual behavior
- Flapping arms
- Extra attention to particular music or sound
- Problems dealing with changes in routine
- withdraw
- Using objects in unusual ways (toy car,child only play with wheels or any other small object on it)
- No fear of real dangers
- Feeding difficulties(selects foods,refusing certain food textures)
CAUSES OF AUTISM
Biological
§Genetic cause
§Neurological
causes
§Brain
lateralization dysfunction
§Brain systems
that control arousal
§Dysfunction of
other brain mechanism
§Biochemical
abnormalitie
Environmental
•doesn't play a role means not yet scientifically proved
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